Taim ol i putim ol 'graphene' leia antap long narapela, ol i kamapim 'graphite'. Wanpela milimita bilong 'graphite' i gat samting olsem 3 milien leia bilong 'graphene'. Wanpela liklik 'stroke' bilong pensil long pepa i save lusim ol mak we i ken i stap olsem sampela leia tasol o wanpela leia bilong 'graphene'. Tenkyu long gutpela tu-dimensenel straksa bilong en, em i wok olsem wanpela gutpela samting bilong putim insait long planti nupela prodak.
Taim yumi toktok long graphene, bikpela samting tru em i 2010 Nobel Prais long Fisiks, we tupela saientis i bin serim long bikpela wok painimaut bilong ol long graphene. I no long taim i go pinis, Fudan Yunivesiti i tokaut olsem ol risetsa bilong en, wantaim ol risetsa bilong Nesenel Yunivesiti bilong Singapore, i kamapim wanpela nupela, hai-efisiens graphene redim rot we as teknoloji bilong en i ken go antap isi tru long indastrial prodaksen.
Tru tumas, risets tim i bihainim wanpela rot we i no wankain olsem pasin bilong ol tumbuna long pablisim ol pepa pastaim na bihain wok bung wantaim ol kampani. Ol i bin kisim ol nupela risal long 2013, putim wanpela 'patent' long 2014, givim 'patent' i go long wanpela domestik entaprais long 2015, na ol i bin pablisim ol wok painimaut bilong ol long intanet longNature Communicationslong Janueri 8. Lu Hongbin, wanpela bilong ol tim lida bilong Dipatmen bilong Makromolekula Saiens na Stet Ki Leboretori bilong Molekula Enjiniaring bilong ol Polima long Fudan Yunivesiti, i tok wantaim smail: "Ol gutpela samting i gutpela long wetim; planti taim ol i save kamap gutpela bihain long sampela taim i kamap bikpela."
Atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy image (a), Raman spectrum (b), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum (c), na large-scale atomic force microscopy image (d) bilong as-prepared graphene; ol piksa bilong 'graphene thickness distribution' (e) na 'lateral size statistics' (f).
Piksa bilong Dong Lei
I no gat planti manmeri i save olsem 'graphene' em i no wanpela nem tasol long Nobel Prais lista - em i stap klostu pinis long laip bilong olgeta de. Em i stap long wol, tasol wok bilong rausim wanpela '-leia 'graphene' em i no isi wok. Taim ol i putim 'graphene' long olgeta hap, em i kamapim 'graphite', na 1 milimita bilong 'graphite' i gat samting olsem 3 milien 'graphene layers' insait long en. Wanpela mak bilong pensil long pepa em inap long planti o wanpela leit bilong 'graphene' tasol. Bikos long gutpela 2D straksa bilong en, em i wok olsem wanpela gutpela samting bilong putim insait long ol kain kain nupela prodak:
· Taim ol i putim long ol spesel 'polymer coating', em i save mekim sevis laip i go longpela taim long rot bilong ol gutpela banis samting;
· Ol i save yusim olsem wanpela 'conductive agent' insait long ol bateri, 2D straksa bilong en i save helpim ol 'electron transport' hariap, na i save strongim tru 'charging speed';
· Ol i putim insait long ol 'fiber' na ol masin bilong hatim lektrik, na gutpela lektrik na 'thermal conductivity' bilong en i save mekim prodak i wok gut tru.
Long wanem em i gat bikpela pe, ol gutpela rot bilong redim ol samting i kamap olsem wanpela bikpela samting bilong ol saveman na ol indastri. Tupela saientis long Yunivesiti bilong Manchester - Andre Geim na Konstantin Novoselov - i painim wanpela gutpela rot tru bilong kisim ol liklik hap 'graphite'. Ol i rausim ol liklik hap bilong 'highly oriented pyrolytic graphite', pasim tupela sait long wanpela spesel 'adhesive tape', na brukim ol hap hap long rot bilong brukim tep. Taim ol i mekim dispela wok gen, ol pepa i kamap liklik na liklik, na bihain ol i kamapim ol liklik hap we i gat wanpela hap tasol bilong ol kabon atom: graphene. Stat long dispela taim, planti nupela rot bilong redim ol samting i kamap, na bihain long 5-pela yia bilong divelopmen, indastriel-skel prodaksen bilong graphene i kamap klostu tru.
Profesa Lu Hongbin i givim tripela nem long 'graphene' olsem "nambawan long wol":
· Em i liklik samting tru we ol i save long en, em i gat 0.335 nanomita tik tasol;
· Strongpela samting tru, 100 taim strong moa long ain;
·Em i nambawan 'thermal conductor', moa long 10-pela taim antap long silva.
Na tu, graphene i gat bikpela tru 'electron mobility', tupela oda bilong mak antap long silikon. Olsem wanpela bikpela samting we i wok long kamap, dispela nupela 2D samting i gat bikpela sans long yusim long ol smat ikwipmen, 'aerospace', 'energy storage', 'environmental remediation', na planti ol narapela wok.
Tasol, long kamapim gutpela, bikpela-skel prodaksen bilong hai-kwaliti graphene i bin stap olsem wanpela bikpela hevi we i pasim wok bilong en long planti hap.
Graphene i stap long ples bilong em yet, na gutpela rot bilong redim em long rausim 'natural flake graphite' i go insait long 'graphene' insait long wanpela kain wara solvent. Long narapela tok, long wanem, 'graphene' em i no save laikim wara, ol i mas putim planti 'surfactants' long wara taim ol i rausim 'exfoliation', sapos nogat, ol i no inap rausim. Ol konvensenel rot i save nidim 3-pela ton bilong ol 'oxidants' olsem 'potassium permanganate' long kamapim 1-pela tan bilong 'graphene', na senisim i go long 'graphene oxide' pastaim long ol i rausim na daunim. Dispela proses i save kamapim bikpela volium bilong pipia wara long 'oxidation', 'reduction', na 'cleaning', na tu i save bagarapim sampela samting bilong 'graphene'.
Olsem wanem risets tim i winim ol dispela salens? Ol i adoptim wanpela 'unstable dispersion strategy' long rot bilong putim liklik hap tru bilong 'ionisable oxygen-' i gat ol 'functional groups' long en antap long ol 'graphene' pes, na dispela i mekim na 'exfoliation' i kamap hariap na i gat bikpela 'yield' long ol 'ultra-high konsentresen. Moa long 90% bilong ol 'exfoliated' prodak em i wanpela '-leia 'graphene' wantaim liklik hevi long 'lattice', na dispela i stretim ol hevi bilong putim na karim i go long ol bikpela wok. Na tu, wara 'graphene slurry' we ol i wokim long dispela rot i soim ol gutpela 'rheological properties' na ol i ken yusim stret long 3D-printim ol 'graphene aerogels' bilong kain kain seip, na dispela i opim ol nupela rot bilong yusim 'graphene' long eneji stoa, envairomen tritmen, ol 'multifunctional composites', na moa.
